Become A Member

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects cognitive function, memory, and overall brain function. It is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, with a growing prevalence due to increased life expectancy. AD imposes a substantial social and economic burden on individuals, caregivers, and healthcare systems. The underlying pathophysiology involves the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and eventual neuronal apoptosis. Other contributing mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and vascular factors, which further exacerbate disease progression.

The clinical presentation of AD varies but typically begins with mild cognitive impairment, progressing to severe memory loss, language difficulties, impaired judgment, and loss of independence. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, and advanced imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and blood-based assays, play an emerging role in early detection.

Current treatment strategies focus on symptomatic management through cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Recent advances in disease-modifying therapies, including monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-beta, offer potential benefits but remain under investigation. Non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive training, lifestyle modifications, and supportive care are also essential. Despite significant research efforts, AD remains incurable, underscoring the urgent need for continued exploration of novel therapeutic targets and early intervention strategies to delay or prevent disease onset.

KEYWORDS

Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid-beta, Biomarkers, Cognitive decline, Dementia, Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, Tau protein, Therapeutics